Three Notes on Early Austronesian Morphology
نویسنده
چکیده
INTRODUCTION.1 Many Austronesian (An) languages—particularly those of Taiwan, the Philippines, and northern portions of Borneo and Sulawesi—have elaborate systems of verb morphology. To choose just one of many possible examples, Thao, spoken by fewer than 2fteen persons around Sun-Moon Lake in central Taiwan, has over 200 pre2xes, in2xes, suf2xes, circum2xes, reduplication patterns, and the like that serve a variety of morphological functions, primarily verbal (Blust, to appear). Yet, by comparison with phonology or even syntax, research on the comparative morphology of the Austronesian languages has been quite limited. The Swiss Indonesianist Renward Brandstetter (1916) devoted two pioneering essays to the comparative morphology of Austronesian languages: “Common Indonesian and original Indonesian” and “The Indonesian verb: A delineation based upon an analysis of the best texts in twenty-four languages.” In the 2rst of these he identi2es the following af2xes or af2x patterns as “Common Indonesian” (117ff): 1. ba‘active formative, 2. ka‘passive formative’, 3. ka‘substantival formative’, 4. ka‘adverbial formative’, 5. ka‘formative for ordinal numerals’, 6. ma‘active formative’, 7. ma‘adjectival formative’, 8. ma¥‘active formative’, 9. mar‘intransitive formative’, 10. ¥‘active verb’, 11. pa‘causative formative’, 12. ta‘passive formative’, 13. -an‘substantival formative’, 14. -in‘passive formative’, 15. -um-
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